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KPV Source

Where can you check each fact?

Which studies and FDA pages support each claim?

Every number leads to one entry. Study pages were checked in the National Library of Medicine, and rule pages at FDA.gov.

Go back to the test resultsSee the FDA status

How can you check a numbered claim?

The study list lets you trace each numbered claim. Entries 1-15 cover published KPV tests and reviews.

Entries 16-20 hold the FDA and legal pages used for the current status. Each study was checked in the National Library of Medicine, and each rule was checked on an FDA page.

A study title tells you what kind of test was done and whether it used cells, animals, or people. The short summaries give the result before you meet the lab language.

  1. Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HT, Yan Y, Sitaraman S, Merlin D. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(1):166-178. ↗
  2. Kannengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, et al. Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14(3):324-331. ↗
  3. Getting SJ, Schiöth HB, Perretti M. Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;306(2):631-637. ↗
  4. Brzoska T, Luger TA, Maaser C, Abels C, Böhm M. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and related tripeptides: biochemistry, antiinflammatory and protective effects in vitro and in vivo, and future perspectives for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(5):581-602. ↗
  5. Xiao B, Xu Z, Viennois E, et al. Orally Targeted Delivery of Tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis. Mol Ther. 2017;25(7):1628-1640. ↗
  6. Bonfiglio V, Camillieri G, Avitabile T, Leggio GM, Drago F. Effects of the COOH-terminal tripeptide alpha-MSH(11-13) on corneal epithelial wound healing: role of nitric oxide. Exp Eye Res. 2006;83(6):1366-1372. ↗
  7. Mandrika I, Muceniece R, Wikberg JE. Alpha-melanocyte-related tripeptide, Lys-d-Pro-Val, ameliorates endotoxin-induced nuclear factor kappaB translocation and activation. Biochem J. 2001;355(Pt 1):29-35. ↗
  8. Bonfiglio V, et al. Inhibition of cellular and systemic inflammation cues in human bronchial epithelial cells by melanocortin-related peptides: role of KPV. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2012;4(1):30-36. ↗
  9. Cutuli M, Cristiani S, Lipton JM, Catania A. Antimicrobial effects of alpha-MSH peptides. J Leukoc Biol. 2000;67(2):233-239. ↗
  10. Barcellini W, Colombo G, La Maestra L, et al. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides inhibit HIV-1 expression in chronically infected promonocytic U1 cells and in acutely infected monocytes. J Leukoc Biol. 2000;68(5):693-699. ↗
  11. Catania A, Cutuli M, Garofalo L, et al. New insights into the functions of alpha-MSH and related peptides in the immune system. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;994:133-140. ↗
  12. Zhang Q, et al. Self-Cross-Linked Hydrogel of Cysteamine-Grafted gamma-Polyglutamic Acid Stabilized Tripeptide KPV for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2021;7(10):4938-4949. ↗
  13. Zhang D, et al. PepT1-targeted nanodrug based on co-assembly of anti-inflammatory peptide and immunosuppressant for combination treatment of acute and chronic DSS-induced colitis. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1442876. ↗
  14. Zhao Y, et al. Skin-adaptive film dressing with smart-release of growth factors accelerated diabetic wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022;222(Pt A):1738-1748. ↗
  15. Lin X, et al. KPV and RAPA Self-Assembled into Carrier-Free Nanodrugs for Vascular Calcification Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater. 2024;13(30):e2402320. ↗
  16. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 125672, KPV (Lys-Pro-Val), H-Lys-Pro-Val-OH; CAS 67727-97-3; C16H30N4O4; MW 342.44 Da. National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information. ↗
  17. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. FDA.gov (verified 2026-05-29). ↗
  18. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks. FDA.gov (list entries effective 2023-09-29; verified 2026-05-29). ↗
  19. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. FDA.gov advisory-committee calendar listing KPV, BPC-157, TB-500, and MOTs-C as bulk drug substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List (verified 2026-05-29). ↗
  20. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (guidance landing page; framework for the licensed-prescriber to 503A/503B access pathway). FDA.gov (verified 2026-05-29). ↗
  21. KPV regulatory and compliance status: not approved by the FDA for human use; a research peptide with no approved drug or dietary-supplement status, available only as a research chemical for laboratory use (compound corpus compliance record, kpv@rev2; FDA non-approval per FDA.gov compounding sources, verified 2026-05-29). ↗